V.M. Kvasnytsya, DIAMONDS OF UKRAINE: RESULTS AND GOALS

https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.43.03.025

UDC 549.211

DIAMONDS OF UKRAINE: RESULTS AND GOALS

V.M. Kvasnytsya, DrSc (Mineralogy and Crystallography), Prof., Head of Department. M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine

34, Acad. Palladin Ave., Kyiv, Ukraine, 03142

E-mail: vmkvas@hotmail.com; orcid: 0000-0002-3692-7153

Language: Ukrainian

Mineralogical journal 2021, 43 (3): 25-41

Abstract: Diamonds from Ukraine were studied in terms of their separation into their geological and genetic types, distribution and occurrence, the ages of their host rocks, and their nature in Proterozoic and Neogene age sediments. The diamonds are variable in morphology, internal structure, concentration and degree of aggregation of nitrogen centers, carbon isotopes and mineral inclusions. Placer diamonds, primarily from Neogene sands, are anomalous in many respects. They are mostly extremely small, polyhedral, and morphologically diverse showing octahedral, rhombic dodecahedral and cubic forms and they have various colors. In addition to the large heterogeneity in nitrogen concentrations, many diamonds are characterized by a low degree of aggregation of nitrogen centers, which indicates short mantle residence times. Depending on the nitrogen impurity content, the degree of aggregation of nitrogen centers and the possible temperatures of crystallization, several types of diamonds are distinguished in the studied sedimentary placers. According to new isotope-geochemical data, placer diamonds are characterized by a wide range of carbon isotopic composition. This may indicate isotopic inhomogeneity of diamond carbon, different modes of formation and chemical variability in their source regions. Impact diamonds from meteorite craters and Neogene sedimentary deposits of Ukraine are paramorphoses from graphite with similar morphological, isotopic and structural characteristics. The goals of future research of Ukrainian diamonds are discussed.

Keywords: diamond, crystal morphology, carbon isotopic composition, nitrogen centers, mineral and fluid inclusions, placers, meteorite craters, the Ukrainian Shield.

References:

  1. Valter, А.А. (2005), Proc. Ukr. Mineral. Soc., Vol. 2, Kyiv, UA, pp. 62-85 [in Ukrainian].
  2. Valter, A.A., Gursky, D.S. and Eremenko, G.K. (1998), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 20, No. 6, Kyiv, UA, pp. 48-63 [in Russian].
  3. Valter, A.A., Gursky, D.S., Eremenko, G.K. and Bochko, A.B. (1999), Mineral resources of Ukraine, No. 3, Kyiv, UA, pp. 16-22 [in Russian].
  4. Valter, A.A., Eremenko, G.K., Kvasnitsa, V.N. and Polkanov, Yu.A. (1992), Impact-metamorphogenic carbon minerals, Nauk. dumka, Kiev, UA, 172 p. [in Russian].
  5. Valter, A.A., Fisenko, A.V., Semenova, L.F., Starikov, V.G. and Burmistrova, V.V. (1995), Reports of Nat. Acad. Sci., No. 1, Kyiv, UA, pp. 90-92 [in Russian].
  6. Geyko, Yu.V., Gurskiy, D.S., Lykov, L.I., Metalidi, V.S., Pavlyuk, V.N., Prihodko, V.L., Tsymbal, S.M. and Shimkiv, L.M. (2006), Prospects for indigenous diamond content in Ukraine, Publ. house Center of Europe, Kyiv-Lvov, UA, 200 p. [in Russian].
  7. Gurov, E.P., Gurova, E.P. and Sokur, T.M. (1999), Mineral resources of Ukraine, No. 3, Kyiv, UA, pp. 30-32 [in Russian].
  8. Ilchenko, K.O., Kvasnytsya, V.M. and Taran, M.M. (2007), Proc. Ukr. Mineral. Soc., Vol. 4, Kyiv, UA, pp. 13-37 [in Ukrainian].
  9. Isaenko, S.I. and Kvasnitsa, V.N. (2014), Materials of the Int. Conf. "Yushkin Readings - 2014", Syktyvkar, RU, pp. 181-182 [in Russian].
  10. Kvasnitsa, V.N. (1985), Small diamonds, Nauk. dumka, Kyiv, UA, 216 p. [in Russian].
  11. Kvasnytsya, V.M. (2019), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 41, No. 4, Kyiv, UA, pp. 3-12 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.41.04.003
  12. Kvasnytsya, V.M. (2020), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 42, No. 1, Kyiv, UA, pp. 12-23 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.42.01.012
  13. Kvasnytsya, V.M. (2020), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 42, No. 3, Kyiv, UA, pp. 03-16 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.42.03.003
  14. Kvasnytsya, V.M. (2021), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 43, № 1, Kyiv, UA, pp. 87-96 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.43.01.087
  15. Kvasnytsya, V.M. (2021), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 43, No. 2, Kyiv, UA, pp. 03-11 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.43.02.003
  16. Kvasnytsya, V.M., Wirth, R. and Tsymbal, S.M. (2015), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 37, No. 4, Kyiv, UA, pp. 36-45 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal
  17. Kvasnytsya, V.M., Taran, M.M., Wirth, R., Widenbeck, M., Thomas, R., Lupashko, T.M. and Il’chenko, K.O. (2005), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 27, No. 4, Kyiv, UA, pp. 47-58 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal
  18. Lupashko, T.N., Tarashchan, A.N., Kvasnitsa, V.N. and Kutuzova, T.Ya. (1999), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 21, No. 2-3, Kyiv, UA, pp. 13-21 [in Russian].
  19. Metalidi, V.S., Pavlyuk, V.M. and Prykhodko, V.L. (1999), Mineral resources of Ukraine, No. 3, Kyiv, UA, pp. 9-12 [in Ukrainian].
  20. Palkina, O.Yu., Reshetnyak, N.B. and Ezerskiy, V.O. (1998), Materials of sci. conf., dedicated. 90th anniversary of his birth. acad. V.S. Sobolev (Lviv, June 8-10, 1998), Lviv, UA, pp. 35-40 [in Ukrainian].
  21. Palkina, E.Yu., Smirnov, G.I. and Chashka, A.I. (1999), Mineral resources of Ukraine, No. 11, Kyiv, UA, pp. 11-22 [in Russian].
  22. Palkina, O.Yu. and Falkovych, O.L. (2021), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 43, No. 1, Kyiv, UA, pp. 68-86 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.43.01.068
  23. Polkanov, Yu.A. (2009), Fine diamonds of sand deposits: distribution, properties, origin, value, SPD Baranovsky A.E. publ., Simferopol, UA, 228 p. [in Russian].
  24. Tarashchan, A.N. and Lupashko, T.N. (1999), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 21, No. 2-3, Kyiv, UA, pp. 39-44 [in Russian].
  25. Tsymbal, S.N., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Tsymbal, Yu.S. and Melnichuk, E.V. (1999), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 21, No. 2-3, Kyiv, UA, pp. 45-52 [in Russian].
  26. Khrenov, A.Ya. and Palkina, E.Yu. (2000), Materials Int. Conf. (Simferopol-Sudak, 21-23.09.1999), Simferopol, UA, pp. 134-139 [in Russian].
  27. Yurk, Yu.Yu., Kashkarov, I.F., Polkanov, Yu.A., Eremenko, G.K. and Yalovenko, I.P. (1973), Diamonds from sands of Ukraine, Nauk. dumka, Kyiv, UA, 167 p. [in Russian].
  28. Kaminsky, F.V. and Khachatryan, G.K. (2001), Canad. Mineral., Vol. 39, pp. 1733-1745. https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.39.6.1733
  29. Kvasnytsya, V.M., Glevassky, Ye.B. and Kryvdik, S.G. (2004), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 26, No. 1, Kyiv, UA, pp. 24-40.
  30. Kvasnytsya, V.M. and Kaminsky, F.V. (2021), Mineral. and Petrol., Vol. 115, pp. 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-020-00732-w
  31. Kvasnytsya, V.M. and Shumlyanskyy, L.V. (2018), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 40, No. 3, Kyiv, UA, pp. 23-38. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.40.03.023
  32. Kvasnitsa, V.N., Silaev, V.I. and Smoleva, I.V. (2016), Geochem. Int., Vol. 54, No. 11, pp. 948-963. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702916090020
  33. Kvasnytsya, V.M. and Wirth, R. (2009), Lithos, Vol. 113, No. 3-4, pp. 454-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LITHOS.2009.05.019
  34. Shirey, B.S., Cartigny, P., Frost, J.D., Keshav, Sh., Nestola, F., Nimis, P., Pearson, G.D., Sobolev, V.N. and Walter, J.M. (2013), Revs Mineral. and Geochem., Vol. 75, pp. 355-421. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2013.75.12
  35. Stachel, T., Harris, J.W. and Muehlenbachs, K. (2009), Lithos. Vol. 112, pp. 625-637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.017
  36. Taylor, W.R., Jagues, A.L. and Ridd, M. (1990), Amer. Mineral., Vol. 75 (11-12), pp. 1290-1310.
  37. Taran, M.N., Kvasnitsa, V.N., Valter, A.A., Chashka, A.I. and Palkina, E.Yu. (1998), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 20, No. 6, Kyiv, UA, pp. 64-71.
  38. Taran, M.N., Kvasnytsya, V.M. and Langer, K. (2004), Europ. Journ. of Mineral., Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 241-245. https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0241
  39. Taran, M.N., Kvasnytsya, V.M., Langer, K. and Ilchenko, K.O. (2006), Europ. Journ. of Mineral., Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0071 

PDF

English