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Some Peculiarities of Femic Mineral Chemistry in Magmatic Rocks Depending on Their Alkalinity

UDC 552.33.549
https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.39.01.084

KRYVDIK S.G.
M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine
34, Acad. Palladin Av., Kyiv-142, Ukraine, 03680
Е-mail: kryvdik@ukr.net
Language: Ukrainian
Mineralogical journal 2017, 39 (1): 84-99
Abstract:
Peculiarities of chemistry of olivines, pyroxenes, amphiboles, Fe-Mg micas and Fe-Ti-oxydes in magmatic rocks of different alkalinity are given in the paper. In alkaline and subalkaline (increased alkalinity) rocks only high-calcium and/or alkaline pyroxenes crystallize, while orthopyroxenes and low-calcium pyroxenes (augites, pigeonites) are available in the rocks of the normal series. High-calcium, titanian and aluminiferous clinopyroxenes (Ti-augites, fassaites) can also crystallize in alkaline and subalkaline rocks of miaskitic series. Pyroxenes of such kind are unsaturated with SiO2 and even nepheline-normative. That is why these minerals are characteristic for alkaline rocks. Amphiboles of alkaline and subalkaline rocks are represented by alkaline (arfvedsonite, riebeckite), Ca-Na-(katophorite, richterite) and/or Ca-Al-varieties (hastingsite, taramite). In the rocks of normal alkalinity amphiboles belong to ordinary hornblende. Amphiboles of alkaline and subalkaline rocks such as arfvedsonite, taramite, katophorite and hastingsite are unsaturated with SiO2 and nepheline-normative. This explains their presence in feldspathoid or subalkaline nepheline-normative rocks while riebeckite is quartz-normative and usually crystallizes in alkaline granites, comendites, pantellerites, quartzbearing syenites and trachytes. Hornblendes are usually quartz-normative and these minerals are characteristic of granitoids of normal alkalinity. Micas of magmatic rocks are rather variable. Low-aluminiferous annites crystallize in alkaline granites and syenites, in saturated in alkalies (agpaitic) rocks (with aegirine and riebeckite). Low- as well as high- aluminian Fe-Mg micas of different magnesity (from phlogopites and tetraferriphlogopites up to annites and siderofillites) can occur in feldspatoid rocks. Fe-Mg micas of moderate magnesity and aluminity are available in granitoids of normal alkalinity. Mn and Zn-trends of mineral evolution are displayed in alkaline rocks. Amphiboles strongly enriched in Mn and Zn (to 8 % MnO) and biotites (to 14 % MnO) are found in supersaturated with alkalies (agpaitic) rocks of Ukraine. The ZnO content in the latter reaches 3.5 %, in kupletskite from agpaitic phonolites the ZnO content reaches 7.7 %, hendricksite and serandite appear in these rocks. Magnetites enriched in MnO (to 9 %) are present in malignites of Pokrovo-Kyryiyvo and in mariupolites of Oktyabrsky massifs. Dependence of femic mineral chemistry on depth of erosion section is considered in brief. Magnesity, alkality and Ti-content of Fe-Mg-silicates usually decrease with depth.
Keywords: chemistry of femic minerals, alkalinity, saturation in silica rocks, nepheline normative, quartz normative.
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