THE FORMS OF HEAVY METALS IN TECHNOGENICALLY POLLUTED SOILS OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS

UDC 550.4 : 502.56/568

https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.38.04.066

A.I. Samchuk, I.V. Kuraieva, Yu.Yu. Voitiuk, A.V. Matvienko, K.V. Vovk
M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine
34, Acad. Palladin Av., Kyiv-142, Ukraine, 03680
E-mail: Aleksandramatvi@gmail.com
THE FORMS OF HEAVY METALS IN TECHNOGENICALLY POLLUTED SOILS OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS
Language: Ukrainian
Mineralogical journal 2016, 38 (4): 66-74

Abstract: The conducted ecological and geochemical studies of technogenically contaminated territories of Shostka city (Sumy region), the city of Mariupol (Donetsk region) and megapolis Kyiv. Different types of industries and vehicles influence the city area. The aim of this study was to determine the forms of heavy metals in natural and technologically modified soils under the influence of the chemical industry (for example Shostka city), steel (for example Mariupol city) and large urban agglomerations (Kyiv). Soil contamination by heavy metals leads to changes in their physical and chemical properties: the Сorg, pH, cation exchange amount and ratio of buffering are disturbed. In technogenically modified soils the content of organic matter decreases, the natural equilibrium of pH of the surface layer of soil is disturbed, as well as the cation exchange capacity. The total rate of soil contamination of Mariupol city varies from 3 to 591, with a mean rate — 43. The level of pollution in the city for the average values of Zc belongs to the category of dangerous contaminations. Technological geochemical association is typical of the city and is Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr > Mn. The value of total pollution by heavy metals reaches maximum values near the industrial enterprises of Shostka city. Near the workshop for the production of hydroquinone the index of total pollution reaches its maximum value (170). The city area is under intense anthropogenic load. Distinguished technogenic geochemical association: Pb > Ni > Cr > Co > Ag > Cu. Kyiv territory is characterized by an average moderately dangerous levels of pollution by heavy metals with the highest index of 80 total pollution in the areas under the influence of the Open Joint Stock Company Waste Processing Plant "Energy". Typical geochemical association in the city of Kyiv is Cu—Pb—Zn—Ni—Cr. The proportion of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soils of Mariupol city reduced in number, % — Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr. The proportion of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils of Shostka city is reduced in number, %: Zn > Pb > Co > Cu > Ni > Cr. The proportion of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils of the Kiev megapolis reduced to a series, %: Cu > Zn > Pb > Ni > Hg > Cd. The investigations could be used to predict environmental conditions and substantiation of structural measures to restore natural background of technogenically contaminated soils.

Keywords: heavy metals, forms of occurrence, stepwise method extracts, mobility, total pollution index, geochemical association.

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