Victor M. Kvasnytsya, UNUSUAL INCLUSIONS AND GENESIS OF MICRODIAMONDS FROM THE ZELENYI YAR NEOGENE PLACER (THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD): A TEM STUDY
https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.47.02.003
UDC 549.211
UNUSUAL INCLUSIONS AND GENESIS OF MICRODIAMONDS
FROM THE ZELENYI YAR NEOGENE PLACER (THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD): A TEM STUDY
Victor M. Kvasnytsya 1, DrSc (Mineralogy and Crystallography), Prof., Head of Department
orcid: 0000-0002-3692-7153
Richard Wirth 2, PhD, Senior Research Scientist
E-mail: wirth@gfz-potsdam.de; Scopus ID: 7102907278
Oleksii A. Vyshnevskyi 1, PhD (Mineralogy and Petrology), Leading Researcher
E-mail: vyshnevskyy@i.ua; orcid: 0000-0002-7206-2185
Anja Schreiber 2, Technician, Specialist
E-mail: schreib@gfz-potsdam.de; Scopus ID: 34979283500
Viacheslav M. Pavliuk 1, Junior Research Fellow
E-mail: v-pavlyuk@ukr.net; orcid: 0000-0002-7035-8505
1 M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine
34, Acad. Palladin Ave., Kyiv, Ukraine, 03142
2 GFZ Helmholtz Center for Geosciences
Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany, 14473
Language: English
Mineralogical journal 2025, 47 (2): 03-19
Abstract: Sixteen diamond microcrystals 0.25-0.5 mm in size from the Neogene placer of Zelenyi Yar on the Ukrainian Shield have been studied using TEM. The investigated diamonds have different morphologies such as: octahedron (1), octahedron fragments (5), octahedroid (1), octahedron-rhombic dodecahedron (1), cube (1), cuboid (3), cubooctahedron (1), cubo-octahedron-rhombic dodecahedron (2) and fragment (1). 21 electron transparent TEM foils with the dimensions 15 × 10 × 0.15 μm were prepared from the crystals and analyzed. Two groups of mantle-derived diamonds were recognized based on solid inclusions and structural defects. Group 1: two crystals with nano-inclusions typical for diamonds from ophiolites; group 2: 12 crystals with multiphase inclusions and structural defects typical for diamonds from kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres. One diamond (cuboid) was found to be free of inclusions as well as structural defects. One crystal was identified as an impact diamond. The first group comprises a cubo-octahedron and a fragmented octahedron. These diamonds host unusual Mn-rich inclusions such as tephroite, MnNi alloys with minor Si content, MnNiO3, Mn5C2, rhodonite Mn5Si5O15 and amorphous silica. The MnNiO3 inclusions are associated with amorphous silica and chlorine-rich amorphous quench phases. Most crystals of the second group are characterized by curved dislocations; carbon platelets are found in several crystals and nitrogen platelets (oriented aggregates of nitrogen atoms) in a single crystal. Solid inclusions in these diamonds are: dolomite, ilmenite, magnetite, apatite, phlogopite, chlorite, forsterite and enstatite. These inclusions represents the eclogitic (2 diamonds), peridotitic (1) and websteritic (1) assemblages in mantle-derived diamonds from kimberlites.
Keywords: diamond, inclusions,·microstructure, genesis, placer deposits, Ukrainian Shield.
References / Література
Akimoto, S. and Syono, Y. (1972), Amer. Mineral., Vol. 57(1-2), pp. 76-84.
ASM handbook (1992), Alloy phase diagrams (electronic files, 1998). USA 3, pp. 1120-1121.
Bertaut, E.F. and Forrat, F. (1958), J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 29(3), pp. 247-248. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1723091
Berger, S.D. and Pennycook, S.J. (1982), Nature, 298(5875), pp. 635-637. https://doi.org/10.1038/298635a0
Buschow, K.H.J., van Engen, P.G. and Jongebreur, R. (1983), J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol. 38(1), pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(83)90097-5
Day, M.C., Pamato, M.G., Novella, D. and Nestola, F. (2023), Riv. Nuovo. Cim., Vol. 46(7), pp. 381-471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40766-023-00045-6
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A. and Zussman, J. (1978), Rock-Forming Minerals. Vol. 2A: Single-Chain Silicates, Geol. Soc. Lond., London, 678 p.
Dobrzhinetskaya, L.F., O'Bannon, E.F. and Sumino, H. (2022), Rev. Mineral. Geochem., Vol. 88(1), pp. 191-255. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.04
Evans, T. and Phaal, C. (1962), Proc. Royal. Soc. Lond., Vol. 270(1343), pp. 538-552. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1962.0243
Fomin, A.B. (1984), Geochemistry of ultramafic rocks of the Ukrainian Shield, Nauk. dumka, Kyiv, 232 p. [in Russian].
[Фомин, А.Б. (1984), Геохимия ультраосновных пород Украинского щита. Киев: Наук. думка. 232 с.]
Fujino, K., Sasaki, S., Takéuchi, Y. and Sadanaga, R. (1981), Acta Cryst., B37, pp. 513-518. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740881003506
Galimov, E.M. and Kaminsky, F.V. (2021), Geochem. Int., Vol. 59(1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702921010043
Galimov, E.M., Kaminsky, F.V., Shilobreva, S.N., Sevastyanov, V.S., Wirth, R., Schreiber, A., Saraykin, V.V., Karpov, G.A. and Anikin, L.P. (2020), Amer. Mineral., Vol. 105(4), pp. 498-509. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7119
Gasik, M.I. and Lyakishev, N.P. (2008), Physical chemistry and technology of electroferroalloys. System technologies, Dnepropetrovsk, 454 p. [in Russian].
Gokcen, N.A. (1991), J. Phase Equilib., Vol. 12(3), pp. 313-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649919
Griesemer, S.D., Ward, L. and Wolverton, C. (2021), Phys. Rev. Materials., Vol. 5(10), Art. 105003. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.5.105003
Harris, P.J.F. (2018), Carbon. Res., Vol. 4(1), pp. 4-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/c4010004
Hartman, P. (1965), Zeit Kristallogr., Vol. 121, pp. 78-80. https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1965.121.1.78
Howell, D., Griffin, W.L., Yang, J., Gain, S., Stern, R.A., Huang, J.X., Jacob, D.E., Xu, X., Stokes, A.J., O'Reilly, S.Y. and Pearson, N.J. (2015), Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., Vol. 430, pp. 284-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.08.023
Huang, Z., Yang, J., Robinson, P., Zhu, Y., Xiong, F., Liu, Z., Zhang, Z. and Xu, W. (2015), Acta Geol. Sin-Engl., Vol. 89(2), pp. 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12434
Jaques, A.L., Sheraton, J.W., Hall, A.E., Smith, C.B., Sun, S.S., Drew, R. and Foudoulis, C. (1986), Composition of crystalline inclusions and C-isotopic composition of Argyle and Ellendale diamonds, 4th Int. Kimb. Conf: Ext Abstr., pp. 426-428.
Kaminsky, F.V. (2007), J. Geol. Soc. India, Vol. 259(3), pp. 557-575.
Kaminsky, F.V. and Belousova, E.A. (2009), Russ. Geol. Geophys., Vol. 50(12), pp. 1212-1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2009.11.019
Kaminsky, F.V. and Wirth, R. (2011), Can. Mineral., Vol. 49(2), pp. 555-572. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.49.2.555
Kaminsky, F.V. (2017), The Earth's lower mantle. Composition and Structure. Springer Int. Publ. AG, 340 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55684-0
Kaminsky, F.V., Wirth, R., Anikin, L.P. and Schreiber, A. (2020), Amer. Mineral., Vol. 105, 1, pp. 144-145. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7352
Kaminsky, F.V. and Voropaev, S.A. (2021), Geochem. Int., Vol. 59(11), pp. 1038-1051. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702921110033
Karen, P., Fjellvåg, H., Kjekshus, A. and Andresen, A.F. (1991), Acta Chem. Scand., Vol. 45, pp. 549-557. https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549
Kvasnytsya, V.M. and Wirth, R. (2009), Lithos, 113(3-4), pp. 454-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Lithos,2009.05.019
Kvasnytsya, V. and Wirth, R. (2013), Diam. Relat. Mater., Vol. 32, pp. 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2012.11.010
Kvasnitsa, V.N., Silaev, V.I. and Smoleva, I.V. (2016), Geochem. Int., Vol. 54(11), pp. 948-963. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702916090020
Kvasnytsya, V.M. (2021), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 43(2), pp. 3-11 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.43.02.003
Kvasnytsya, V. and Wirth, R. (2022), Miner. Petrol., Vol. 116(5814), pp. 169-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-022-00778-y
Lavrova, L.D., Pechnikov, V.A., Pleshakov, A.M., Nadezhdina, E.D. and Shukolyukov, Yu.A. (1999), A new genetic type of diamond deposits, Publ. House "Scientific World", Moscow, 228 p. [in Russian].
[Лаврова, Л.Д., Печников, В.А., Плешаков, А.М., Надеждина, Е.Д. Шуколюков, Ю.А. (1999), Новый генетический тип месторождений алмазов. Москва: Научн. мир. 228 c.]
Leung, I.S. (1990), Amer. Mineral., Vol. 75(9-10), pp. 1110-1119.
Lian, D. and Yang, J. (2019), Engin, Vol. 5(3), pp. 406-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.006
Lian, D, Yang, J., Wiedenbeck, M., Dilek, Y., Rocholl, A. and Wu, W. (2018), Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., Vol. 173(9), Art. No. 72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1499-5
Litasov, K.D., Bekker, Т.В., Kagi, Н. and Ohfuji, Н. (2020), Reply to the comment on "Сomparison of enigmatic diamonds from the Tolbachik arc volcano (Kamchatka) and Tibetan ophiolites." by Litasov et al. (2019), (Gondwana Res., Vol. 75, pp. 16-27); by Yang et al., Gondwana Res., Vol. 79, pp. 304-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.09.011
Litasov, K.D., Kagi, H., Voropaev, S.A., Hirata, T., Ohfuji, H., Ishibashi, H., Makino, Y., Bekker, T.B., Sevastyanov, V.S., Afanasiev, V.P. and Pokhilenko, N.P. (2019), Gondwana Res., Vol. 75, pp. 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.04.007
Liu, F., Lian, D., Wu, W., Yang, J. (2021), Crystals, Vol. 11(11), pp. 1362-1386. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111362
Lu, Z., Yang, J., Xia, Q., Lian, D., Chen, L, Wu, W. and Wang, Y. (2024), Lithos, Vol. 482-483, id. 107716.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107716
Maresch, W.V. and Mottana, A. (1976), Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., Vol. 55, pp. 69-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372755
Metalidi, V.S., Pavlyuk, V.M. and Prykhodko, V.L. (1999), Mineral resources of Ukraine, No. 3, pp. 9-12 [in Ukrainian].
[Металіді, В.С., Павлюк, В.М., Приходько, В.Л. (1999), Мінеральні ресурси України. № 3. С. 9—12.]
Moore, R.O., Gurney, J.J. (1986), Mineral inclusions in diamonds from the Monastery Kimberlite, South Africa, 4th Int. Kimb. Conf., Ext Abstr., pp. 06-408.
Moore, R.O., Otter, M.L., Rickard, R.S., Harris, J.W. and Gurney, J.J. (1986), The occurrence of moisannite and ferro-periclase as inclusions in diamond, 4th Int. Kimb. Conf., Ext Abstr., pp. 409-411.
Narita, H., Koto, K. and Morimoto, N. (1977), Mineral. J. (Japan), Vol. 8(6), pp. 329-342. https://doi.org/10.2465/minerj.8.329
Pavlyuk, V.M. and Dovgan, R.M. (2004), Prospects of diamond bearing capacity of the Berdychiv block of the Ukrainian Shield. Prospects for diamond bearing capacity of the territory of Ukraine, UkrDGRI Publ. House, Kyiv, pp. 61-64 [in Ukrainian].
[Павлюк, В.М., Довгань, Р.М. (2004), Перспективи алмазоносності Бердичівського підняття Українського щита. Перспективи алмазоносності території України. Київ: Вид-во УкрДГРІ. С. 61—64.]
Polkanov, Yu.A. (2009), Fine diamonds of sand deposits: distribution, properties, origin, value, Publ. House Baranovsky, A.E., Simferopol, 228 p. [in Russian].
[Полканов, Ю.А. (2009), Мелкие алмазы песчаных отложений: распространение, свойства, происхождение, значение. Симферополь: Барановский, А.Э. 228 с.]
Sang, J.C., Pak, M.C., Kim, K.I. and Kim, S.G. (2021), J. Superhard. Mater., Vol. 43(5), pp. 336-343. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063457621050026
Shcherbakov, I.B. (2005), Petrology of the Ukrainian Shield, Publ. House "Western Ukr. Consulting Center", Lviv, 366 p. [in Russian].
[Щербаков, И.Б. (2005), Петрология Украинского щита. Изд-во "Западн. укр. консалтинг. центр", Львов. 366 с.]
Shirey, S.B., Cartigny, P., Frost. J.D., Keshav, Sh., Nestola, F., Nimis, P., Pearson, G.D., Sobolev, N.V. and Walter, J.M. (2013), Rev. Mineral. Geochem., Vol. 75(1), pp. 355-421. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2013.75.12
Shirey, S.B., Pearson, G., Stachel, T. and Walter, J.M. (2024), Ann. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci., Vol. 52(1), pp. 249-293. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-105438
Smith, E.M., Shirey, S.B., Nestola, F., Bullock, E.S., Wang, J., Richardson, S.H. and Wang, W. (2016), Science, Vol. 354(6318), pp. 1403-1405. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal1303
Smith, E.M., Shirey, S.B., Richardson, S.H., Nestola, F., Bullock, E.S., Wang, J. and Wang, W. (2018), Nature, Vol. 560(7716), pp. 84-87, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0334-5
Sobolev, N.V., Logvinova, A.M. and Efimova, E.S. (2013), Dokl. Earth. Sci., Vol. 453, pp. 1165-1167. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X13110202
Speich, L., Kohn, S.C., Wirth, R., Bulanova, G.P. and Smith, C.B. (2017), Lithos, Vol. 278-281, pp. 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Lithos,2017.02.010
Stachel, T., Harris, J.W. and Muehlenbachs, K. (2009), Lithos, Vol. 112, pp. 625-637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.017
Stachel, T., Aulbach, S. and Harris, J.W. (2022), Rev. Mineral. Geochem., Vol. 88(1), pp. 307-391. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.06
Sunagawa, I. (2005), Crystals: growth, morphology and perfection. Cambridge Univ. Press, 308 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610349
Taylor, W. and Milledge, H.J. (1995), Nitrogen aggregation character, thermal history and stable isotope composition of some xenolith-derived diamonds from Roberts Victor and Finsch, 6th Int. Kimb. Conf., Ext Abstr., pp. 620-622.
Tschauner, O., Huang, S., Greenberg, E., Prakapenka, V.B., Ma, C., Rossman, G.R., Shen, A.H., Zhang, D., Newville, M., Lanzirotti, A. and Tait, K. (2018), Science, Vol. 359(6380), pp. 1136-1139. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3030
Tsymbal, S.M. and Bondar, I.I. (1966), Geol. Journ., Vol. 26, Iss. 2, Kyiv, pp. 94-101 [in Ukrainian].
[Цимбал, С.М., Бондар, І.І. (1966), Геол. журн. 26, вип. 2. С. 94—101.]
Tsymbal, Yu.S. (2014), Typomorphism of diamond and its satellite minerals from sedimentary rocks of the Western part of the Ukrainian Shield, Nauk. dumka, Kyiv, 207 p. [in Ukrainian].
[Цимбал, Ю.С. (2014), Типоморфізм алмазу та його мінералів-супутників із осадових порід західної частини Українського щита. Київ: Наук. думка. 207 c.]
Usenko, I.S., Esipchuk, K.E., Lichak, I.L., Slipchenko, V.A. and Tsukanov, V.A. (1975), Handbook of petrography of Ukraine, Nauk. dumka, Kyiv, 580 p. [in Russian].
[Усенко, И.С., Есипчук, К.Е., Личак, И.Л., Слипченко, В.А., Цуканов, В.А. (1975), Справочник по петрографии Украины. Киев: Наук. думка. 580 c.]
Valter, A.A., Gursky, D.S. and Eremenko, G.K. (1998), Mineral. Journ. (Ukraine), Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 48-63 [in Russian].
[Вальтер, А.А., Гурский, Д.С., Еременко, Г.К. (1998), Минерал. журн. 20, № 6. С. 48—63.]
Walter, M.J., Thomson, A.R. and Smith, E.M. (2022), Rev. Mineral. Geochem., Vol. 88(1), pp. 393-450. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.07
Wilding, M.C., Harte, B. and Harris, J.W. (1991), Evidence for a deep origin for the Sao Luiz diamonds, 5th Int. Kimb. Conf., Ext Abstr., pp. 456-458.
Wirth, R. (2004), Eur. J. Mineral., Vol. 16(6), pp. 863-876. https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0863
Wirth, R. (2009), Chem. Geol., Vol. 261(3), pp. 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.05.019
Woods, G.S. (1986), Proc. Royal. Soc. Lond., Vol. 407(1832), pp. 219-238. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1986.0094
Wu, W., Yang, J., Wirth, R., Zheng, J., Lian, D., Qiu, T. and Milushi, I. (2019), Amer. Mineral., Vol. 104(4), pp. 485-500. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6751
Xu, X., Yang, J., Chen, S., Fang, Q., Bai, W. and Ba, D. (2009), J. Earth. Sci., Vol. 20(2), pp. 284-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0026-z
Yang, J., Meng, F., Xu, X., Robinson, P.T., Dilek, Y., Makeyev, A.B., Wirth, R., Wiedenbeck, M. and Cliff, J. (2015), Gondwana Res., Vol. 27(2), pp. 450-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.07.004
Yang, J., Robinson, T.P. and Dilek, Y. (2015), Episodes, Vol. 38(4), pp. 344-364. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2015/v38i4/82430
Yang, J., Wirth, R., Xiong, F., Tian, Y., Huang, Z., Robinson, P.T. and Dilek, Y. (2015), Acta Geol. Sin-Engl., Vol. 89(2), pp. 108-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12308_65
Yang, J., Wu, W., Lian, D. and Rui, H. (2021), Nat. Rev. Earth. Environ., Vol. 2(3), pp. 198-212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-00138-4
Ye, Z., Jingui, Xu, J., Fan, D., Zhang, D., Zhou, W. and Xie, H. (2023), Amer. Mineral., Vol. 108(11), pp. 2121-2130. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8606
PDF
Supplementary information (PDF)
https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.47.02.003sup