V.I. Pavlyshyn, LITHIUM IN THE SUBSOIL OF UKRAINE Part 12. Mineralogical criteria for prospecting and evaluation of the Ukrainian Shield rare-metal pegmatites
https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.47.04.003
UDC 549.0
LITHIUM IN THE SUBSOIL OF UKRAINE
Part 12. Mineralogical criteria for prospecting and evaluation
of the Ukrainian Shield rare-metal pegmatites
V.I. Pavlyshyn, DrSc (Geology, Mineralogy), Prof.,
Academician of the AS Higher School of Ukraine, Head of Department
E-mail: V.I.Pavlyshyn@gmail.com; orcid: 0009-0003-1122-6494
A.M. Tarashchan, DrSc (Geology, Mineralogy), Leading Researcher
E-mail: tarashchanan@gmail.com; orcid: 0009-0003-6357-0449
D.A. Yaroshchuk, Graduate Student
E-mail: mitya.yaroshchuk@gmail.com; orcid: 0000-0003-0190-8611
I.M. Lunova, PhD (Geology), Research Fellow
E-mail: gerasimetsirina@gmail.com; orcid: 0000-0003-4670-0216
M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine
34, Acad. Palladin Ave., Kyiv, Ukraine, 03142
Language: Ukrainian
Mineralogical journal 2025, 47 (4): 03-16
Abstract: Criteria for evaluating rare-metal pegmatites are hidden in the constitution and properties of minerals and their inclusions with mineral-forming environment. Potassium feldspar (KFS). The chemical composition of KFS (K, Na, Cs, Rb, Ba content) is a criterion for predicting mineralization in pegmatites, which has several solutions. The concentration of T-centers (see text) in microcline, which has an inverse correlation with the value of the K/Rb ratio, is approximately directly proportional to the rare-metal content in pegmatites. The value of the T/F ratio is an effective criterion for assessing the productivity of pegmatites of all formation types. As a criterion for the productivity of complex (cesium-tantalum) pegmatites, it is advisable to use the concentration of T-centers and the T/A ratio, the value of which increases in pegmatites from early to late generations of microcline. The ratio of the intensities of the emission bands of the centers (Tl+/O–-Al) reflects the degree of pegmatite differentiation and therefore is a reliable criterion for assessing the scale of development of cesium-tantalum mineralization. Feldspars of the Polokhivske deposit, do not fit into the above-mentioned patterns, are characterized by a reduced amount of T-centers and a value of the T/A ratio. They generally fall out of the spectroscopic patterns developed for classical rare-metal pegmatites. The highest amount of T-centers and the value of the T/A ratio from the Zhovtorichensky ore occurrence indicate its high potential ore content (rare metal content). Quartz of ore and non-ore pegmatites is chemically different. In particular, the Li2O content in quartz of non-ore pegmatites is 0.0001-0.0003 %, and in quartz of lithium pegmatites — 0.0014-0.047 %. The intensity of X-ray luminescence of Al-Li-centers of quartz increases in the series: muscovite-chamber-rare metal pegmatites. Quartz from rare-metal pegmatites is also characterized by an increased amount of O–-Al(Li)-centers, and the ratio of O–-Al(Li) / O–-Al(Na) centers is maximum in crystals associated with polucite, lepidolite and montebrasite in tantalum-cesium pegmatite (3.5-4.5). Of great practical importance according to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies, the Ti3+ and -centers of quartz, which are identified as reliable criteria for the lithium content in pegmatites. The (Li)-center has the same value. Special attention is paid to the luminescent properties of quartz from the Zhovtorichensky manifestation of rare-metal pegmatites, which, like microcline (see above), are characterized by the highest X-ray luminescence indices (Im = 20-820; fL = 0.97-4.5). For comparison: in the Shevchenkivske deposit Im = 6-60; fL = 0.71-0.88. The luminescent characteristics of quartz from the Polokhivske deposit indicate a relatively low concentration of lithium centers in it — a structural impurity Li (Si ← Al + Li). Muscovite in rare-metal pegmatites is a universal indicator of ore-bearing capacity. For local forecasting, it is promising to use the concentration of Sn, Be, Nb, Ta in this mineral. Whitish mica pegmatites with rich tantalum mineralization are characterized by high contents of Li, Rb, Cs, Ta (20-50 g/t), Nb (20-440), Sn (330-670), Tl (100-130), Ge (16-50) and a high value of the Ta/Nb ratio (1.2-2). Thermobarogeochemical criteria for the ore-bearing capacity of rare-metal pegmatites: 1) endocarbon criterion (it is based on the developed patterns of the spatial distribution of CO2 preserved in mineral inclusions). 2) general gasometric criterion (the gases released during the stepwise heating of pegmatites and their minerals are analyzed, in particular, the amount of hydrogen and water in the zones of petalite and spodumene development is shifted; among the volatile components of rare-metal pegmatites, oxidized gases prevail, the organic matter of these pegmatites is probably composed of high-molecular oxidized compounds; the amount of volatile components in rare-metal pegmatites is an order of magnitude lower than in chamber pegmatites, etc.); 3) thermobarogeochemical criteria (according to the study of individual inclusions in minerals). To solve applied problems related primarily to prospecting and evaluation of rare-metal pegmatites, almost all parameters of the state of the mineral-forming environment were used.
Keywords: rare-metal pegmatites, prospecting mineralogy, minerals-indicators of rare-metal mineralization, general gasometric criterion of mineralization, thermobarogeochemical criteria of mineralization.
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